东莞快名大进出口贸易公司 什么是供应链和物流网络建模？ 菜单搜索 搜索 去吧 供应链管理 战略管理 供应链基础知识 供应链细节 供应链软件 小企业 操作 全供应链管理 供应链管理战略管理 什么是供应链和物流网络建模？ 你们公司设计了供应链和物流网络吗？ 分享 别针 电子邮件 供应链管理 ••• MARTIN MURRAY于2018年4月11日更新 当一家公司在设计新的物流网络时，它将考虑到所有的区位因素，如客户市场、劳动力库、生活质量要求和政府激励。分析了这些要素后，就有可能创建模型，使公司对自己的选择有更多的了解。 有许多建模技术可以使用，每种技术都有自己的优点和缺陷。本文将介绍可用于支持所做决策的不同类型的建模技术。 建模技术 建模技术的使用对于决定新物流网络的公司非常重要。不同的建模技术可以让公司对比各种物流网络的功能、成本效率和客户服务效率。公司可以查看各种建模技术，并决定哪种技术可以为他们提供对网络选项的最佳洞察。 优化建模 优化模型是从精确的数学程序中推导出来的，这些程序根据所使用的数学公式提供最佳或最优解。此模型仅基于数学公式。 这意味着模型没有主观输入，只有假设和数据。优化模型关注的数据包括要获得的客户服务水平、配送中心的数量和位置、制造工厂的数量、分配给制造工厂的配送中心的数量以及必须维护的库存。 一种用于物流网络的优化模型是线性规划模型，有时称为LP。这对于连接制造工厂、配送中心和市场区域的供需限制尤其有用。 在以成本最小化为目标的情况下，线性规划可以根据确定的约束条件来定义最优的设施分布模式。但是，由于使用数学公式，因此不允许任何主观输入。 仿真模型 仿真模型定义为创建基于真实世界的模型。创建模型后，可以对模型执行实验，以查看对模型所做的更改如何影响物流网络的总体成本。 例如，通过更改网络上的约束，可以使用仿真模型来查看这如何影响整个网络的成本效益。 为了使仿真模型有效，您需要收集有关运输、仓储、人工成本、物料处理和库存水平的大量数据，以便在更改约束时，模型能够准确地反映更改。然而，对模拟模型的改变不会产生优化模型所产生的最优物流网络；它只会评估对模型所做的改变。当公司已经在网络上做出了一般性的决定，并且希望看到任何改变的总体效果时，这种模型非常有用。 启发式模型 与仿真模型类似，启发式模型不能为物流网络生成最优解。 一个启发式模型被用来将一个大问题简化为一个更易于管理的规模。必须理解的是，启发式模型不能保证一个解决方案，许多启发式模型可能会与同一问题相矛盾或给出不同的答案，并且仍然对物流网络的整体创建有用。 启发式模型通常被称为“经验法则”，在创建物流网络时非常有用。 例如，可以使用启发式模型来考虑距市场区域至少10英里、距主要机场50英里和距下一个最近的配送中心300英里以上的配送中心的最佳站点。启发式模型将查看所有符合定义的参数的区域，并找到最适合的区域。 物流和供应链专家Gary Marion更新。 从仓库物流看供应链管理者 战略供应链管理简介 南加州港口工人罢工 物流配送企业的路径规划 杂货店过道上陈列的商品太多 分析一氧化碳的三种方法The Balance Small Business What Is Supply Chain And Logistics Network Modeling? Menu Search Search GO Supply Chain Management STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SUPPLY CHAIN BASICS SUPPLY CHAIN SPECIFICS SUPPLY CHAIN SOFTWARE SMALL BUSINESS OPERATIONS ALL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT What Is Supply Chain And Logistics Network Modeling? Did your company design its supply chain and logistics network? Share Pin Email Supply Chain Management ••• BY MARTIN MURRAY Updated April 11, 2018 When a company is designing its new logistics network, it will take into account all the location elements such as customer market, labor pool, quality of life requirements, and government incentives. When these elements have been analyzed, it is possible to create models which give companies more of an insight into the choices that they make. There are a number of modeling techniques, which can be used, each coming with its own benefits and pitfalls. This article will look at the different types of modeling techniques that can be used to support the decisions made. Modeling Techniques The use of modeling techniques is important to companies who are deciding upon their new logistics network. The various modeling techniques can allow companies to look at a comparison of the functioning, cost efficiency, and customer service efficiency of the various logistics networks that have been proposed. Companies can look at the various modeling techniques and decide which one offers them the best insight into their network options. Optimization Modeling The optimization model is derived from the precise mathematical procedures that offer the best or optimum solution based on the mathematical formula used. This model is based on mathematical formula only. This means that there is no subjective input to the model, only assumptions and data. The optimization model looks at data such as the level of customer service to be obtained, the number and location of distribution centers, the number of manufacturing plants, the number of distribution centers assigned to a manufacturing plant, and the inventories that must be maintained. One optimization model that has been used for logistics networks is the model using linear programming, sometimes referred to as LP. This is particularly useful for linking supply and demand limitations of manufacturing plants, distribution centers, and market areas. Given the goal of minimizing costs, linear programming can define the optimum facility distribution pattern, based on the constraints identified. However, as this uses mathematical formulas, there is no allowance for any subjective input. Simulation Models A simulation model is defined as creating a model that is based on the real world. When the model has been created, you can perform experiments on the model to see how changes made to the model can affect the overall cost of the logistics network. For example, by changing the constraints on the network, it is possible using a simulation model to see how this affects the cost-effectiveness of the overall network. For a simulation model to be effective, you need to collect significant amounts of data on transportation, warehousing, labor costs, material handling, and inventory levels, so that when you make changes to the constraints, the model accurately reflect the changes. However, the changes to the simulation model will not produce the optimum logistics network, as produced by the optimization model; it will just evaluate the changes that were made to the model. This type of model is very useful when companies have made general decisions on the network and want to see what the overall effect of any changes will be. Heuristic Model Similar to simulation models, heuristic models do not generate an optimum solution for a logistics network. A heuristic model is used to reduce a large problem to a more manageable size. It has to be understood that heuristic models do not guarantee a solution and that a number of heuristic models may contradict or give different answers to the same question and still be useful to the overall creation of a logistics network. Heuristic models are often referred to a "rule of thumb" which can be useful in creating a logistics network. For example, a heuristic model can be used to consider the best site for a distribution center that is at least ten miles from the market area, fifty miles from a major airport, and more than three hundred miles from the next closest distribution center. A heuristic model will look at all areas that fit within the parameters defined and finds the areas best suited. Updated by Gary Marion, Logistics and Supply Chain Expert. 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How to Pick the Best Supply Chain for Your Product Heavy equipment listing a container at a dock while another worker in a hardhat checks the load using Manugistic Software. The Rise and Fall of Manugistics Software for Supply Chain Management Businessman hand holding the Futuristic Technology connection shape How Blockchain Will Change Supply Chain Sustainability Amazon logo How Amazon Is Changing Supply Chain Management Warehouse manager holding tablet with AR application for check order pick time Where Are Your Supply Chain's Hidden Costs? Costco Logo On Storefront Small Business Basics: Understanding Core Competencies Cardboard boxes in warehouse No Pain, No Chain – How to Optimize Your Supply Chain Woman standing in a man's doorway with a clipboard conducting a survey. Surveys Research: What Is a Confidence Interval? 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